Select the TWO file placements that follow the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.
LPIC-1 Exam 101-500, objective 104. Devices, Linux filesystems, filesystem hierarchy standard medium
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The options
Choose 2.
Not correct Spool queues and other data that changes while the system runs under /usr
Wrong. /usr is meant to be shareable and static: it may legitimately be mounted read-only or exported to several hosts, so nothing that changes during normal operation belongs there.
Not correct Compiled binaries specific to this host under /etc
Wrong. /etc holds host-specific configuration and, per the FHS, no binaries. Locally compiled programs belong under /usr/local/bin or /usr/local/sbin.
Correct System log files under /var/log
Correct. /var holds variable data — logs, spools, caches, mail queues, PID files — precisely because it changes constantly and often gets its own partition.
Correct A self-contained third-party application package under /opt
Correct. /opt is reserved for add-on software packages that keep their own directory tree, typically /opt/<vendor> or /opt/<package>.
Not correct Files that must survive a reboot under /tmp
Wrong. Programs must not assume /tmp survives a reboot; many systems clear it at boot. /var/tmp is the location intended to be preserved across reboots.
Why
The FHS split turns on two axes: static versus variable, and shareable versus host-specific. /usr is static and shareable, /var is variable, /etc is host-specific configuration, /opt is add-on packages, /usr/local is locally built software, /bin and /sbin hold commands needed before /usr is available (on many modern distributions these are now symlinks into /usr).
Where this comes from
- Cited
- LPI exam objective 104.7
- What it says
- Know the standard file hierarchy and where different kinds of files belong.
Practise this
Reading one question is not practice. The trainer will draw a set from objective 104 and space the ones you get wrong.