Legal, privacy and licences

Who runs this site, what it records about you, whose trade marks it uses, and what you may do with what is published here. Nothing on this page is small print: if it were not worth reading it would not be here.

Who runs this site

Information under §5 DDG (Digitale-Dienste-Gesetz), the German provider-identification rule that applies to this site because it is operated from Germany.

Operator: 0C9C Hex UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
Represented by: Dennis Reinkober, Geschäftsführer
Address: Künkelstr. 11, 41063 Mönchengladbach, Germany
Register: Amtsgericht Mönchengladbach, HRB 23220
VAT identification number: DE353110187
E-mail: dennis@olio.solutions
Telephone: +49 (0)172 7593488
Responsible for the content: Dennis Reinkober, Künkelstr. 11, 41063 Mönchengladbach, Germany

Trade marks and affiliation

certotter is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or accredited by AXELOS, PeopleCert, the Linux Professional Institute, Microsoft, Scrum.org or Amazon Web Services. Every question here is written from scratch against the published exam objectives.

LPIC® and LPI® are registered trade marks of Linux Professional Institute Inc.

Microsoft and Azure are trade marks of the Microsoft group of companies.

Professional Scrum™, Professional Scrum Master™ and PSM™ are trade marks and/or registered trade marks of Advanced Development Methods, Inc., d/b/a Scrum.org.

Amazon Web Services and AWS are trade marks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.

The marks are used here descriptively, to say which exams this practice material is written for. That is all the use they get and all the use they are claimed for.

What this site records about you

Information under Article 13 of the General Data Protection Regulation. The short version is that your answers stay on your device and your visit is counted; the rest of this section is the detail behind those two sentences.

Your practice data never leaves your browser

Every answer, score, streak and mock-exam result is written to IndexedDB inside your own browser. There is no account and no login, and nothing in the application sends any of it anywhere. Clearing your browser storage deletes it permanently, and there is no copy anywhere else.

This site does keep one small database, and it holds none of that. It is described in the next section, it is written to only when somebody fills in the reminder form on the front page, and there is no field in it that could be joined to anything above: your answers are never sent, so there is nothing to join.

If you ask us to remind you about your exam

The front page offers to work out a study plan from the date you are sitting your exam. That plan is arithmetic done inside your browser and nothing is sent anywhere to produce it — you can watch it appear with the network switched off. Underneath it there is a form that offers to send you a reminder, and that one does store something.

If you fill it in, we keep the e-mail address, the paper and the date — nothing more. Not your answers, not your progress, not which pages you read, not your IP address. Filling in the form is the only thing that creates a record; using the rest of the site never does.

What is stored: The e-mail address, the paper and the date
Purpose: To send one reminder about that paper before that date, and nothing else
Legal basis: Article 6(1)(a) GDPR — consent, given by filling in the form, withdrawable at any time and with no consequence for using the site
Recipients: None. The list is not shared, sold, or handed to a mailing provider
Retention: Until the reminder has been sent or you ask for it to be deleted, whichever comes first. There is no archive copy
Transfers: None outside the EU or the EEA. It is a file on the same server as the site

To withdraw consent, or to have the record deleted before then, write to dennis@olio.solutions from the address you signed up with, or with the address you signed up with. It is deleted, not marked as deleted, and it costs nothing and needs no particular form. Every reminder we send also carries a link to /unsubscribe, which does the same thing in one step and asks you nothing further — a page that made you confirm would be the pattern every mailing list nobody can leave is built out of.

Page views are counted, by software we run ourselves

Visits are measured with Umami, a self-hosted analytics program running on our own server at umami.olio.solutions. Nothing is shared with an advertising network and no third-party analytics service is used.

For each page view it records the page address, the referring page if there was one, and — derived from your browser's own headers — the browser, the operating system, the screen size and the language setting.

Your IP address is not stored. It is used once, together with your browser's headers, to compute a pseudonymous session identifier, and is discarded in the same step. That identifier is what lets several page views in one visit be counted as one visit rather than several — so it is fair to say the session is recognised, and wrong to say nothing is. It does not travel between devices, it is not linked to a name, and there is nothing here to link it to: this site has no account and no user record.

Umami sets no cookies and stores nothing on your device and reads nothing from it. That is also why it loads without a consent banner: §25(1) TDDDG governs storing and reading on your equipment, and neither happens here.

Purpose: Knowing which pages are read, so that effort goes where it is useful
Legal basis: Article 6(1)(f) GDPR — legitimate interest in an audience measurement that is not personalised and sets no cookies
Recipients: None. The analytics server is operated by the same operator as this site
Hosting: Hetzner Online GmbH, Industriestr. 25, 91710 Gunzenhausen, Germany. This site and the analytics server both run there
Retention: Page views are kept with their session identifier until they are deleted. No automatic deletion period is configured, and saying otherwise would describe a setting that does not exist
Transfers: None outside the EU or the EEA

Web-server log files record the same things any web server records — address, timestamp, requested URL, status code, bytes sent, referrer and user agent — on the basis of Article 6(1)(f) GDPR, for delivering the site and defending it against attack. Rotated logs are deleted after 30 days.

You have the rights to access, rectification, erasure, restriction and data portability under Articles 15 to 20 GDPR, the right to object to processing based on legitimate interest under Article 21, and the right to complain to a supervisory authority under Article 77. There is exactly one place those rights can bite here, and it is the reminder list above: if you have never filled that form in, nothing held by this site identifies you and a request will be answered by saying so. Write to dennis@olio.solutions; it costs nothing and needs no particular form. The competent supervisory authority is the Landesbeauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit Nordrhein-Westfalen, Kavalleriestr. 2-4, 40213 Düsseldorf.

You can stop the measurement entirely by blocking umami.olio.solutions in your browser or an extension. Nothing on this site depends on it, and the practice trainer works with it blocked.

The questions

The question bank is original work, written against the published exam objectives, which are public documents. No real exam question is reproduced, paraphrased or reconstructed. It is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 licence — you may copy, adapt and republish it, including commercially, provided you credit certotter and license what you build under the same terms.

Read the licence. The full terms, and the reasons for choosing ShareAlike for the questions and a permissive licence for the code, are in CONTENT-LICENSE.md in the repository.

Practice questions are practice questions. Nothing here is exam advice, no result here predicts a result there, and passing a mock exam on this site is not a statement about the real paper.

Quoted sources

Every question cites the published objective it was written against, by its coordinate in the awarding body’s own document. Those documents stay the awarding bodies’: the citation names where to read a clause, it does not reprint one, and syllabus text is deliberately absent from the pages and from the files this site sends your browser.

The Scrum Guide is the one exception, and it is an exception because its authors made it one. It is published by Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland at https://scrumguides.org/ under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence — the same licence as the question bank on this site — so short passages from it appear on the Professional Scrum Master pages here, quoted and attributed, and what is built on them stays under the same terms.

The code

The application itself is published under the MIT licence. It runs entirely in your browser and makes exactly three kinds of network request: its own files, the analytics script described above, and — only if you fill in the reminder form — one request to this site carrying the three fields you typed into it. There is no fourth.

The otter mark

Otter mark adapted from Font Awesome Free 6 by Fonticons, Inc. The original is the “otter” icon in that set, used under CC BY 4.0. Changes: cropped by the tile edge, reversed to the background colour, and composed with a waterline. The tile, the waterline, the colour and the layout are original to certotter.

The interface icons

The navigation and disclosure icons are Lucide, used under the ISC licence, and are bundled with the application rather than loaded from anyone else’s server. Copyright (c) for portions of Lucide are held by Cole Bemis 2013-2022 as part of Feather (MIT). All other copyright (c) for Lucide are held by Lucide Contributors 2022.

The typefaces

The site is set in two families from two projects. Both are served from this site rather than from a font network, so no third party is told which pages you read, and the licence text of each travels with the files it covers. The files are the unmodified Latin subsets.

Instrument Serif by the Instrument Serif Project Authors, used under the SIL Open Font License 1.1. Copyright 2022 The Instrument Serif Project Authors (https://github.com/Instrument/instrument-serif). The licence is at /fonts/OFL-instrument-serif.txt.

Geist and Geist Mono by Vercel, Inc., in collaboration with basement.studio, used under the SIL Open Font License 1.1. Copyright © 2023 Vercel, Inc., made in collaboration with basement.studio. The licence is at /fonts/OFL-geist.txt.

Links out

A few pages link to the awarding bodies and to licence texts. Those sites are not ours and we are not responsible for what they say; the links are there because a claim you cannot check is not worth much.