You want every future boot of a GRUB 2 system to pass an extra kernel parameter, and you want the change to survive the next kernel update. Which file do you edit before regenerating the configuration?
LPIC-1 Exam 101-500, objective 102. Linux installation and package management medium
Draft — not checked yet. This question was written from the published exam objectives and cites the clause it comes from, but nobody has yet read it against that clause and signed for it.
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The options
Not correct /boot/grub/menu.lst, adding the parameter to the kernel line
Wrong for GRUB 2. menu.lst is the GRUB Legacy configuration file and GRUB 2 does not read it; on a GRUB 2 system the file usually does not exist at all.
Not correct /boot/grub/grub.cfg, editing each linux line directly
Wrong. The edit works until the next regeneration, which any kernel package update triggers, and then it is silently overwritten.
Not correct /etc/fstab, adding the parameter to the root filesystem line
Wrong. /etc/fstab lists filesystems to mount and their mount options; it is read by userspace long after the kernel has started and cannot pass kernel parameters.
Correct /etc/default/grub, then regenerate grub.cfg
Correct. Adding the parameter to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX (or GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT) there means every generated menu entry, including entries for kernels installed later, carries it.
Why
Anything you want to persist in GRUB 2 belongs in an input file — /etc/default/grub for global settings, /etc/grub.d/ scripts for custom entries — followed by grub-mkconfig (update-grub on Debian, grub2-mkconfig on Red Hat family). Editing the generated grub.cfg is only appropriate as a temporary fix, and the interactive 'e' editor at the menu is the right tool for a genuinely one-off boot.
Where this comes from
- Cited
- LPI exam objective 102.2
- What it says
- Configure the boot loader, including kernel options passed at boot.
Practise this
Reading one question is not practice. The trainer will draw a set from objective 102 and space the ones you get wrong.