Which THREE of these commands belong to the legacy net-tools package and have been superseded by iproute2 utilities on modern distributions? (Choose three.)
LPIC-1 Exam 102-500, objective 109. Networking fundamentals easy
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How these questions are written — where each question comes from, what the verification ledger records, and what happens when one is found wrong.
The options
Choose 3.
Correct ifconfig
Correct. ifconfig is net-tools' interface configuration tool, replaced by `ip addr` for addressing and `ip link` for device state. It is not installed by default on several current distributions.
Correct netstat
Correct. netstat is net-tools' socket, interface and routing display tool, replaced by ss for sockets, `ip -s link` for interface counters and `ip route` for routes.
Correct route
Correct. route manipulates and displays the kernel routing table in net-tools' syntax and is replaced by `ip route`.
Not correct ip
Wrong. ip is the central iproute2 utility, that is the replacement rather than the thing replaced.
Not correct ss
Wrong. ss is iproute2's socket statistics tool, the modern counterpart to netstat, and it reads socket state directly from the kernel through netlink rather than from /proc.
Not correct tracepath
Wrong. tracepath ships with iputils alongside ping, and it is neither a net-tools command nor deprecated.
Why
net-tools provides ifconfig, route, netstat, arp and hostname; iproute2 provides ip, ss and bridge. The iproute2 tools talk to the kernel over the netlink interface rather than reading /proc, which is why they can express features net-tools cannot, such as multiple addresses per interface without alias devices, policy routing and multiple routing tables. Knowing the pairings ifconfig to `ip addr`/`ip link`, route to `ip route`, arp to `ip neigh` and netstat to ss is explicitly examinable.
Where this comes from
- Cited
- manual page netstat(8)
Practise this
Reading one question is not practice. The trainer will draw a short set from objective 109 and space the ones you get wrong.
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