Your distribution has switched the default graphical session from Xorg to Wayland. Select the TWO statements that correctly describe Wayland and its relationship to X11.
LPIC-1 Exam 102-500, objective 106. User interfaces and desktops hard
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The options
Choose 2.
Correct A Wayland compositor performs in one process the work that under X11 is divided between the X server, the window manager and a separate compositing manager.
Correct. Collapsing those roles is the central design decision of Wayland; it removes the round trips between server, window manager and compositor that X11 needs to place and redraw a window.
Correct X11 applications that have not been ported still run in a Wayland session through Xwayland, an X server that presents its own output to the compositor as an ordinary Wayland client.
Correct. Xwayland is the compatibility layer. Legacy clients speak the X protocol to it as usual, and the compositor sees one more client whose surfaces it composites like any other.
Not correct Wayland is a later version of the X protocol, and Xorg speaks it once the server is started with the -wayland option.
Wrong. Wayland is a separate protocol with its own specification, not a revision of X11, and Xorg has no such option. The two protocols share no wire format.
Not correct Wayland clients locate their compositor through the DISPLAY variable, exactly as X clients locate their X server.
Wrong. Wayland clients read WAYLAND_DISPLAY, which names a socket in the directory given by XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. DISPLAY survives in a Wayland session only so that X clients can find Xwayland.
Not correct Access to a Wayland compositor is granted host by host with xhost, which was extended to cover the compositor's socket.
Wrong. There is no host-based access control to extend: a Wayland compositor listens on a Unix domain socket only, and access is governed by the file permissions on that socket rather than by a host list.
Why
The practical consequences of the design follow from one fact: a Wayland client can only draw its own surface and never sees another client's. That is why screen recorders, global hotkey daemons and automation tools that worked under X11 need portals or compositor-specific protocols under Wayland, and why remote display has to be arranged by the compositor rather than by pointing DISPLAY at another machine. Xwayland is what keeps unported clients working meanwhile.
Where this comes from
- Cited
- manual page Xwayland(1)
Practise this
Reading one question is not practice. The trainer will draw a short set from objective 106 and space the ones you get wrong.
More questions on this objective
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